Title:  Class 10 Science Chapter 2: Acids, Bases, and Salts—Summary Notes and 40+ Multiple Choice Questions

Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes for students to grasp fundamental chemistry concepts. It covers various types of substances, including acids, bases, and salts, their properties, reactions, and applications.

Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes

What are acids?

Acids are substances that ionize in water to produce hydrogen (H⁺) ions.

Definitions:

• Arrhenius Theory: Produces H⁺ ions in water
• Brønsted–Lowry Theory: Proton donor
• Lewis Theory: Electron pair acceptor

 Properties of Acids:

• Taste sour
• Turn blue litmus red
• React with metals to release hydrogen gas
• pH less than 7

Examples:

• Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
• Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)

What are bases?

• Bases produce hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water-based solutions.

Definitions:

• Arrhenius Theory: Produces OH⁻ ions
• Brønsted–Lowry Theory: Proton acceptor
• Lewis Theory: Electron pair donor

 Properties of Bases:

• Taste bitter
• Feel slippery
• Turn red litmus blue
• pH more than 7

Examples:

• Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
• Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
• Ammonia (NH₃)

What are salts?

Salts are formed when the hydrogen ion (H⁺) of an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion (NH₄⁺).

Formation:

• When an acid reacts with a base, it results in the formation of salt and water. This is called a neutralization reaction.

• Neutralization occurs when acids react with bases, producing a salt and water as byproducts.

• The chemical reaction between an acid and a base yields salt and water — a process known as neutralization.

Properties:

• Crystalline solids
• May or may not dissolve in water
• Can be acidic, basic, or neutral

Examples:

• Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• Potassium nitrate (KNO₃)
• Ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄)

Top 40+ MCQs on Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes

1. Set 1 – Basics

   1. Which acid is present in vinegar?
      🅑 Acetic acid

   2. Which is a strong base?
      🅑 Sodium hydroxide

   3. What is the pH of a neutral solution?
      🅑 7

   4. Which turns red litmus paper blue?
      🅒 Soap solution

   5. Which is a natural indicator?
      🅒 Litmus

   6. Gas evolved when acid reacts with metal?
      🅑 Hydrogen

   7. Salt without water of crystallization?
      🅑 Baking soda

   8. Neutralizing acidic soil?
      🅐 Quick lime

   9. Acid present in tamarind?
      🅐 Tartaric acid

   10. Chemical formula of gypsum?
       🅒 CaSO₄·2H₂O

   10 Question Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes

   Set 2 – Application-Based

   11. Example of basic salt?
       🅒 Sodium carbonate

   12. Used in antacids?
       🅑 Magnesium hydroxide

   13. Acid in lemon?
       🅐 Citric acid

   14. A weak acid?
       🅒 Acetic acid

   15. Neutral salt example?
       🅐 Sodium chloride

   16. Used to detect acid/base?
       🅒 Indicator

   17. Base property?
       🅑 Turn red litmus blue

   18. Used in Plaster of Paris?
       🅐 Gypsum

   19. Acidic characteristic?
       🅒 Sour taste

   20. Strong acid?
       🅒 Hydrochloric acid

    20 Questions of Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes

   Set 3 – Deep Understanding

   21. Acid in tomato?
       🅑 Oxalic acid

   22. Formula for baking soda?
       🅑 NaHCO₃

   23. Basic oxide?
       🅒 Na₂O

   24. Indicator for blind people?
       🅒 Vanilla essence

   25. Not a mineral acid?
       🅓 Acetic acid

   26. Used in Plaster of Paris?
       🅐 Gypsum

   27. Neutral salt example?
       🅐 Sodium chloride

   28. Neutralizing acidic soil?
       🅐 Quicklime

   29. Weak acid?
       🅒 Acetic acid

   30. Base property?
       🅑 Turn red litmus blue

   30 Questions Of Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes

   Set 4 – Revision Booster

   31. Used in antacids?
       🅑 Magnesium hydroxide

   32. Acid in lemon?
       🅐 Citric acid

   33. Used in bleaching powder?
       🅐 Calcium hydroxide

   34. Strong acid?
       🅒 Hydrochloric acid

   35. Acidic property?
       🅒 Sour taste

   36. Indicator use?
       🅒 Indicator

   37. Basic salt?
       🅒 Sodium carbonate

   38. Gas evolved with metal?
       🅑 Hydrogen

   39. Natural indicator?
       🅒 Litmus

   40. Neutral solution pH?
       🅑 7

   We have completed  40 Questions of Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes

This chapter helps you understand how acids, bases, and salts interact in everyday life—from food to medicine to industry. Practice these questions well for your Class 10 board exams and competitive school tests.

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