Biotechnology is a revolutionary field that merges biological science with technology to develop useful products for human welfare. It includes processes such as genetic engineering, tissue culture, and recombinant DNA technology that enable scientists to modify organisms and produce valuable products like vaccines, hormones, and pest-resistant crops.
For Bihar Board Class 12 Biology students, the chapter “Biotechnology and Its Applications” is crucial for both board exams and competitive tests. Below are 50 important objective questions with options and one-word answers, followed by 10 FAQs to strengthen your understanding.
Bihar Board Class 12 Biology Biotechnology and Its Applications Objective Questions with Answers
1. Who is known as the father of biotechnology?
(A) Louis Pasteur
(B) Edward Jenner
(C) Kary Mullis
(D) Karl Ereky
Answer: Karl Ereky
2. The term ‘biotechnology’ was first coined by —
(A) Watson
(B) Karl Ereky
(C) Mendel
(D) Stanley Cohen
Answer: Karl Ereky
3. Recombinant DNA was first produced by —
(A) Boyer and Cohen
(B) Watson and Crick
(C) Mendel
(D) Paul Berg
Answer: Paul Berg
4. rDNA technology was first used in —
(A) 1950
(B) 1973
(C) 1985
(D) 1960
Answer: 1973
5. The first genetically modified crop was —
(A) Bt Cotton
(B) Flavr Savr Tomato
(C) Golden Rice
(D) Bt Brinjal
Answer: Flavr Savr Tomato
6. The full form of Bt in Bt cotton is —
(A) Bacillus tuneri
(B) Bacillus thuringiensis
(C) Bacillus thuringia
(D) Bacillus thermophilus
Answer: Bacillus thuringiensis
7. The protein crystals of Bt kill —
(A) Virus
(B) Bacteria
(C) Insects
(D) Fungi
Answer: Insects
8. Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific sites?
(A) Polymerase
(B) Restriction enzyme
(C) Ligase
(D) Helicase
Answer: Restriction enzyme
9. The enzyme used to join DNA fragments is —
(A) Ligase
(B) Polymerase
(C) Endonuclease
(D) Helicase
Answer: Ligase
10. Transgenic animals are those which —
(A) Contain genes of other species
(B) Are hybrid species
(C) Are cloned
(D) Have no mutation
Answer: Contain genes of other species
11. The first transgenic animal was —
(A) Dolly sheep
(B) Goat
(C) Mouse
(D) Cow
Answer: Mouse
12. Dolly was cloned by —
(A) Wilmut and Campbell
(B) Boyer and Cohen
(C) Paul Berg
(D) Watson and Crick
Answer: Wilmut and Campbell
13. Gene therapy is used to treat —
(A) Infectious diseases
(B) Genetic disorders
(C) Fungal infections
(D) Allergies
Answer: Genetic disorders
14. ADA deficiency can be cured by —
(A) Chemotherapy
(B) Gene therapy
(C) Vaccination
(D) Surgery
Answer: Gene therapy
15. Insulin-producing bacteria are —
(A) E. coli
(B) Rhizobium
(C) Bacillus
(D) Lactobacillus
Answer: E. coli
16. The first recombinant vaccine was for —
(A) Hepatitis B
(B) Polio
(C) Malaria
(D) AIDS
Answer: Hepatitis B
17. Golden rice is rich in —
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin B
(C) Iron
(D) Protein
Answer: Vitamin A
18. Biofertilizers are —
(A) Synthetic chemicals
(B) Microorganisms
(C) Inorganic compounds
(D) Antibiotics
Answer: Microorganisms
19. Biopesticides are used to —
(A) Increase soil fertility
(B) Kill pests
(C) Control weeds
(D) Improve crop color
Answer: Kill pests
20. Example of biopesticide is —
(A) DDT
(B) Bt toxin
(C) Malathion
(D) Aldrin
Answer: Bt toxin
21. Bioethics deals with —
(A) Moral issues in biotechnology
(B) Enzyme production
(C) Crop breeding
(D) DNA fingerprinting
Answer: Moral issues in biotechnology
22. The term “biopiracy” means —
(A) Stealing biological resources
(B) Genetic modification
(C) Plant breeding
(D) Cloning
Answer: Stealing biological resources
23. The Indian plant famous for biopiracy is —
(A) Neem
(B) Tulsi
(C) Mango
(D) Rice
Answer: Neem
24. PCR technique was developed by —
(A) Kary Mullis
(B) Paul Berg
(C) Cohen
(D) Watson
Answer: Kary Mullis
25. The vector used in gene transfer is —
(A) Plasmid
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Ribosome
(D) Nucleus
Answer: Plasmid
26. Cry genes in Bt crops provide —
(A) Drought resistance
(B) Pest resistance
(C) Cold resistance
(D) Growth promotion
Answer: Pest resistance
27. The first cloned sheep was —
(A) Dolly
(B) Polly
(C) Molly
(D) Holly
Answer: Dolly
28. Restriction enzymes are also called —
(A) Molecular scissors
(B) DNA joiners
(C) DNA movers
(D) DNA protectors
Answer: Molecular scissors
29. Biopatent refers to —
(A) Exclusive rights on biological inventions
(B) Selling crops
(C) Export license
(D) Farming rights
Answer: Exclusive rights on biological inventions
30. Flavr Savr tomato is resistant to —
(A) Ripening
(B) Pest
(C) Virus
(D) Bacteria
Answer: Ripening
31. Genetically modified insulin is called —
(A) Humulin
(B) Humalog
(C) Biosulin
(D) Insulog
Answer: Humulin
32. Gene therapy aims at —
(A) Correcting defective genes
(B) Killing pathogens
(C) Increasing weight
(D) Decreasing sugar
Answer: Correcting defective genes
33. Patent of basmati rice was given to —
(A) US company
(B) India
(C) UK
(D) China
Answer: US company
34. Cry1Ac gene is used in —
(A) Bt Cotton
(B) Bt Brinjal
(C) Bt Tomato
(D) Bt Potato
Answer: Bt Cotton
35. The bacteria used in biofertilizer for legumes is —
(A) Rhizobium
(B) Azospirillum
(C) Azotobacter
(D) Bacillus
Answer: Rhizobium
36. Transgenic plants contain —
(A) Foreign genes
(B) Natural genes
(C) RNA only
(D) No genes
Answer: Foreign genes
37. Bioreactors are used for —
(A) Large-scale production of products
(B) DNA cutting
(C) Protein breakdown
(D) Food preservation
Answer: Large-scale production of products
38. Biotechnology mainly deals with —
(A) Use of living organisms in industry
(B) Study of stars
(C) Study of rocks
(D) Study of fossils
Answer: Use of living organisms in industry
39. Biochips are used in —
(A) DNA analysis
(B) Farming
(C) Cooking
(D) Mining
Answer: DNA analysis
40. The process of cloning uses —
(A) Somatic cells
(B) RBC
(C) Platelets
(D) Hormones
Answer: Somatic cells
41. The main advantage of GM crops is —
(A) Pest resistance
(B) Low yield
(C) Poor storage
(D) Reduced lifespan
Answer: Pest resistance
42. Who cloned the sheep Dolly?
(A) Ian Wilmut
(B) Louis Pasteur
(C) Mendel
(D) Darwin
Answer: Ian Wilmut
43. Transgenic bacteria are used for —
(A) Insulin production
(B) Cleaning houses
(C) Paper making
(D) Oil drilling
Answer: Insulin production
44. Biowar means —
(A) Using microorganisms as weapons
(B) Gene transfer
(C) Plant breeding
(D) Vaccination
Answer: Using microorganisms as weapons
45. The main ethical issue in biotechnology is —
(A) Biopiracy
(B) Cloning
(C) High cost
(D) Both A and B
Answer: Both A and B
46. The first clinical gene therapy was done in —
(A) 1990
(B) 2000
(C) 1980
(D) 1995
Answer: 1990
47. Gene cloning helps in —
(A) Producing identical genes
(B) Killing bacteria
(C) DNA destruction
(D) Protein loss
Answer: Producing identical genes
48. Biopiracy is common in —
(A) Developing countries
(B) Developed countries
(C) Europe only
(D) Antarctica
Answer: Developing countries
49. Transgenic crops are also called —
(A) GM crops
(B) Hybrid crops
(C) Wild crops
(D) Natural crops
Answer: GM crops
50. Biotechnology helps in —
(A) Human welfare
(B) Sports
(C) Fashion
(D) Space science
Answer: Human welfare
FAQs-Bihar Board Class 12 Biology Biotechnology and Its Applications
1. What is biotechnology?
Biotechnology is the use of biological organisms, systems, or processes to develop useful products for humans.
2. What are the main applications of biotechnology?
Medicine, agriculture, industry, and environmental protection are the key areas.
3. What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
Organisms whose genetic material has been artificially modified using biotechnology.
4. What is recombinant DNA technology?
It is a method used to join DNA molecules from different sources to form a new DNA sequence.
5. What is gene therapy?
Gene therapy is the treatment of genetic disorders by introducing normal genes into defective cells.
6. What is biopiracy?
Biopiracy is the illegal use or patenting of biological resources without permission from the source country.
7. What is the purpose of Bt cotton?
Bt cotton is genetically modified to resist pest attacks, especially from bollworms.
8. What is Humulin?
Humulin is genetically engineered human insulin produced by E. coli bacteria.
9. What is the advantage of Golden Rice?
It is rich in Vitamin A and helps prevent night blindness and vitamin deficiency.
10. What are biofertilizers?
Biofertilizers are living microorganisms that increase soil fertility by fixing nitrogen or decomposing organic matter.
Conclusion-Bihar Board Class 12 Biology Biotechnology and Its Applications
Biotechnology plays a vital role in improving crop quality, producing medicines, and solving environmental issues. These objective questions and FAQs will help Bihar Board Class 12 Biology students revise this chapter effectively and prepare for their board exams with confidence.