The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) plays a vital role in shaping the academic journey of lakhs of students across India and abroad. The Class 12 board examination is one of the most crucial milestones in a student’s life because it not only impacts higher education opportunities but also influences career paths. For the academic session 2025-2026, CBSE has designed the Class 12 Syllabus keeping in mind the latest educational requirements, the National Education Policy (NEP), and the need to balance conceptual clarity with practical application.

The CBSE Class 12 2025-2026 Syllabus acts as the backbone of preparation. It defines what topics students should study, how much weightage is given to each unit, and what skills they need to develop. Whether you are preparing for board exams, JEE, NEET, CUET, or other competitive exams, having a clear understanding of the official CBSE syllabus is the first step toward smart preparation.

This article provides a comprehensive guide to the CBSE Class 12 2025-2026 syllabus for all major streams – Science, Commerce, and Arts/Humanities. You will also find subject-wise chapters, marking schemes, preparation strategies, and FAQs to help you plan your studies effectively.

CBSE Class 12 2025-2026 Syllabus | Subject-Wise Guide with Exam Pattern

Why the CBSE Class 12 2025-2026 Syllabus is Important?

• Defines the scope of study: It tells students exactly what will be covered in the board exams.

• Helps in focused preparation: By following the syllabus, students avoid wasting time on irrelevant topics.

• Guides competitive exam preparation: The Class 12 syllabus overlaps with JEE, NEET, CUET, and other entrance exams.

• Supports time management: Knowing the syllabus helps in creating a proper timetable for revision.

• Reduces stress: When students study according to the prescribed syllabus, they feel more confident and less anxious before exams.

Structure of CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-2026

The syllabus for Class 12 is divided into three major streams:

1. Science Stream (Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, Computer Science, etc.)

2. Commerce Stream (Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, etc.)

3. Humanities/Arts Stream (History, Geography, Political Science, Sociology, Psychology, English, etc.)

Apart from core subjects, students must also study compulsory languages and optional subjects as per their chosen stream.

CBSE Class 12 Science Stream Syllabus 2025-2026

1. Physics

Key Units:

• Electrostatics

• Current Electricity

• Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism

• Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current

• Optics

• Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

• Atoms and Nuclei

• Electronic Devices

Practical Component: Experiments on electricity, optics, and electronics.

Marking Scheme:

• Theory: 70 Marks

• Practical: 30 Marks

2. Chemistry

Key Units:

• Solid State

• Solutions

• Electrochemistry

• Chemical Kinetics

• Surface Chemistry

• d-block, p-block, f-block Elements

• Coordination Compounds

• Haloalkanes & Haloarenes

• Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers

• Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids

• Amines

• Biomolecules & Polymers

Practical Component: Titration, salt analysis, organic chemistry experiments.

Marking Scheme:

• Theory: 70 Marks

• Practical: 30 Marks

3. Biology

Key Units:

• Reproduction in Organisms

• Genetics & Evolution

• Biology and Human Welfare

• Biotechnology & Its Applications

• Ecology and Environment

Practical Component: Slide preparation, specimen study, experiments on genetics and ecology.

Marking Scheme:

• Theory: 70 Marks

• Practical: 30 Marks

4. Mathematics

Key Units:

• Relations & Functions

• Inverse Trigonometric Functions

• Matrices and Determinants

• Continuity and Differentiability

• Applications of Derivatives

• Integrals and Applications

• Differential Equations

• Vector Algebra

• Three-Dimensional Geometry

• Linear Programming

• Probability

Marking Scheme:

• Theory: 80 Marks

• Internal Assessment: 20 Marks

5. Computer Science / Informatics Practices

• Programming in Python

• Data Structures

• Computer Networks

• Database Management using SQL

• Data Handling and Visualization

CBSE Class 12 Commerce Stream Syllabus 2025-2026

1. Accountancy

• Accounting for Partnership Firms

• Accounting for Companies

• Financial Statement Analysis

• Cash Flow Statement

• Computerized Accounting

Marking Scheme:

• Theory: 80 Marks

• Project: 20 Marks

2. Business Studies

• Principles & Functions of Management

• Business Finance and Marketing

• Nature & Significance of Management

• Organising, Staffing, Directing, Controlling

• Consumer Protection

Marking Scheme:

• Theory: 80 Marks

• Project: 20 Marks

3. Economics

• Introductory Macroeconomics (National Income, Money & Banking, Government Budget, Balance of Payments)

• Indian Economic Development (Development Experience of India, Employment, Human Capital, Environment)

Marking Scheme:

• Theory: 80 Marks

• Project: 20 Marks

4. Applied Mathematics (Optional)

• Calculus

• Linear Programming

• Probability Distributions

• Financial Mathematics

• Matrices & Determinants

CBSE Class 12 Humanities Stream Syllabus 2025-2026

1. History

• Themes in Indian History – Part I, II, III

• Harappan Civilization

• Mauryan and Gupta Empires

• Mughal Empire

• Colonialism and Indian Independence

2. Political Science

• Contemporary World Politics

• Cold War Era

• Globalisation

• Politics in Independent India

• Constitution and Democracy

3. Geography

• Human Geography

• People & Economy

• Transport, Communication, International Trade

• Fieldwork and Practical Geography

4. Psychology

• Variations in Psychological Attributes

• Self and Personality

• Meeting Life Challenges

• Psychological Disorders

• Social Influence and Group Processes

5. Sociology

• Structure of Indian Society

• Social Institutions – Caste, Family, Marriage

• Change and Development in Indian Society

• Globalisation and Social Change

English Core (Compulsory Subject for All Streams)

• Reading Comprehension (Unseen Passages, Note-Making)

• Writing Skills (Letter, Notice, Report, Article, Debate)

• Literature (Flamingo & Vistas NCERT Textbooks)

Marking Scheme:

• Theory: 80 Marks

• ASL (Assessment of Speaking & Listening): 20 Marks

Practical Examinations & Internal Assessment

CBSE emphasizes hands-on learning through practicals, projects, and viva. Students should prepare lab records, project files, and oral presentations carefully.

• Science Subjects: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Computer Science include lab work.

• Commerce Subjects: Business Studies, Accountancy, Economics require project work.

• Humanities Subjects: History, Political Science, Sociology require assignments and case studies.

Preparation Strategy for CBSE Class 12 Board Exams 2025-2026

1. Start with the Syllabus: Read the official CBSE syllabus PDF to know the weightage.

2. NCERT First: Always study NCERT textbooks thoroughly before referring to other guides.

3. Make Notes: Prepare chapter-wise summary notes for quick revision.

4. Solve Previous Papers: Practice past 10 years’ question papers to understand exam trends.

5. Focus on High-Weightage Units: Topics like Organic Chemistry, Calculus, Genetics, and Macroeconomics often carry higher marks.

6. Revise Regularly: Keep at least 2 months for revision before the exam.

7. Time Management: Practice writing full-length papers within the allotted 3 hours.

FAQs on CBSE Class 12 2025-2026 Syllabus

Q1. Has CBSE released the official Class 12 2025-2026 syllabus?
Yes, CBSE releases the syllabus on its official website (cbseacademic.nic.in). Students should always refer to the latest version.

Q2. Is the CBSE Class 12 2025-2026 syllabus reduced?
The syllabus follows the latest guidelines, and CBSE has streamlined some topics in line with NEP.

Q3. Which books are best for CBSE Class 12 preparation?
NCERT books are the most important. For practice, students may use reference books like HC Verma (Physics), RD Sharma (Maths), TS Grewal (Accountancy).

Q4. Does the CBSE Class 12 syllabus help in competitive exams?
Yes, JEE, NEET, CUET, and NDA exams are based on the CBSE Class 11 and 12 syllabi.

Q5. How to download the CBSE Class 12 2025-2026 syllabus PDF?
Visit cbseacademic.nic.in → Click on Curriculum → Senior Secondary Curriculum → Select Class XII → Download Subject-wise Syllabus.

Q6. What is the exam pattern for CBSE Class 12 2025-2026?
The exam pattern includes theory, practicals, and internal assessment. Theory usually carries 70–80 marks, while practicals and projects carry 20–30 marks depending on the subject.

Q7. Are internal assessments compulsory in Class 12 CBSE?
Yes, internal assessment (projects, assignments, ASL, lab work) is compulsory for all students. Marks are added to the final board result.

Q8. How many subjects can a student choose in CBSE Class 12?
Students usually take 5 main subjects + 1 additional subject. Language (English) is compulsory, and the remaining subjects depend on the chosen stream (Science, Commerce, Arts).

Q9. When will the CBSE Class 12 2025-2026 exams be conducted?
CBSE generally conducts Class 12 board exams between February and April 2026. The detailed date sheet will be released in December 2025 or January 2026.

Q10. How can I score 95% and above in CBSE Class 12 exams?
Focus on NCERT books, solve previous year papers, revise regularly, make concise notes, and practice sample question papers released by CBSE. Time management and writing practice are also key to scoring high marks.

Conclusion

The CBSE Class 12 2025-2026 syllabus is a roadmap for students to excel not only in their board exams but also in future academic and professional journeys. With clarity on subject-wise topics, marking schemes, and practical components, students can focus their preparation in the right direction. The key to success lies in disciplined study, smart revision, and consistent practice.

By understanding the syllabus thoroughly, you will have the confidence to face exams without fear and achieve your academic goals.

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