History is one of the most important subjects in Class 12, especially for students preparing for the Bihar Board examination. It provides knowledge about India’s ancient, medieval, and modern past and helps students understand the social, political, and economic developments over time. To score good marks in the exam, practicing guess papers is very useful. This Class 12 History Guess Paper 2025 Bihar Board has been prepared based on the latest syllabus and exam pattern. It includes objective type questions with answers, short answer questions, and long answer questions which will help students in their last-minute revision.

Class 12 History Guess Paper 2025 Bihar Board | Objective, Short & Long Questions

Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB)

Class 12 History Guess Paper 2025 Bihar Board

Maximum Marks: 100
Time: 3 Hours

 General Instructions

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. The paper consists of three sections – A, B, and C.

3. Section A contains objective type questions, Section B contains short answer type questions, and Section C contains long answer type questions.

4. Answer the questions according to the word limits given.

5. Marks are indicated against each question.

 Marks Distribution

• Section A (Objective): 35 Questions × 1 mark = 35 marks

• Section B (Short Answer): 10 Questions × 3 marks = 30 marks

• Section C (Long Answer): 5 Questions × 5 marks = 25 marks
   Total Written Marks = 90

• Internal = 10
  = Grand Total = 100 marks

 SECTION – A (Objective Type Questions)

(35 × 1 = 35 Marks)
(Write only the correct option)

Q1. Who was the founder of the Maurya Dynasty?
a) Ashoka
b) Bindusara
c) Chandragupta Maurya
d) Harshavardhana
 Answer: c) Chandragupta Maurya

Q2. The capital of Magadh during the Maurya period was —
a) Pataliputra
b) Ujjain
c) Kannauj
d) Taxila
 Answer: a) Pataliputra

Q3. Who wrote Arthashastra?
a) Kalidasa
b) Chanakya
c) Bana Bhatta
d) Vishakhadatta
Answer: b) Chanakya

Q4. Who was the last ruler of the Mughal dynasty?
a) Aurangzeb
b) Bahadur Shah II
c) Akbar II
d) Shah Jahan
Answer: b) Bahadur Shah II

Q5. The Battle of Plassey was fought in —
a) 1764
b) 1757
c) 1857
d) 1799
 Answer: b) 1757

Q6. Who introduced the Doctrine of Lapse?
a) Lord Dalhousie
b) Lord Cornwallis
c) Lord Clive
d) Warren Hastings
 Answer: a) Lord Dalhousie

Q7. Harappan Civilization is also known as —
a) Indus Valley Civilization
b) Vedic Civilization
c) Buddhist Civilization
d) Gupta Civilization
 Answer: a) Indus Valley Civilization

Q8. Who was the first Governor-General of India?
a) Lord Dalhousie
b) Warren Hastings
c) Lord Canning
d) Lord Curzon
 Answer: b) Warren Hastings

Q9. The First War of Independence took place in —
a) 1757
b) 1764
c) 1857
d) 1947
 Answer: c) 1857

Q10. Who gave the slogan “Go Back to the Vedas”?
a) Swami Vivekananda
b) Dayanand Saraswati
c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
d) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Answer: b) Dayanand Saraswati

Q11. Harappan people used which metal most?
a) Iron
b) Bronze
c) Silver
d) Aluminium
 Answer: b) Bronze

Q12. Akbar’s revenue system was known as —
a) Iqta System
b) Ryotwari System
c) Zabti System
d) Zamindari System
 Answer: c) Zabti System

Q13. Who was the founder of the Gupta dynasty?
a) Chandragupta I
b) Chandragupta II
c) Samudragupta
d) Kumaragupta
 Answer: a) Chandragupta I

Q14. Who founded the Brahmo Samaj?
a) Dayanand Saraswati
b) Swami Vivekananda
c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
d) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Answer: c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Q15. Who started the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920?
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Bhagat Singh
Answer: a) Mahatma Gandhi

Q16. Who was the Viceroy of India during the Revolt of 1857?
a) Lord Canning
b) Lord Dalhousie
c) Lord Curzon
d) Lord Wellesley
 Answer: a) Lord Canning

Q17. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in —
a) 1917
b) 1919
c) 1922
d) 1942
Answer: b) 1919

Q18. Who founded the Indian National Congress?
a) A.O. Hume
b) Dadabhai Naoroji
c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: a) A.O. Hume

Q19. Who was the first President of Indian National Congress?
a) W.C. Banerjee
b) Dadabhai Naoroji
c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
d) Annie Besant
Answer: a) W.C. Banerjee

Q20. The Quit India Movement was launched in —
a) 1920
b) 1930
c) 1942
d) 1947
Answer: c) 1942

Q21. Who was the last Governor-General of independent India?
a) Lord Mountbatten
b) C. Rajagopalachari
c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
d) Jawaharlal Nehru
 Answer: b) C. Rajagopalachari

Q22. The capital of the Pallava dynasty was —
a) Madurai
b) Kanchipuram
c) Tanjore
d) Amaravati
 Answer: b) Kanchipuram

Q23. Who discovered the sea route to India?
a) Ferdinand Magellan
b) Christopher Columbus
c) Vasco da Gama
d) Marco Polo
 Answer: c) Vasco da Gama

Q24. Who was the first woman ruler of Delhi?
a) Razia Sultan
b) Nur Jahan
c) Rani Lakshmi Bai
d) Ahilya Bai
Answer: a) Razia Sultan

Q25. Who gave the slogan “Do or Die”?
a) Subhash Chandra Bose
b) Mahatma Gandhi
c) Bhagat Singh
d) Sardar Patel
 Answer: b) Mahatma Gandhi

Q26. Who was the founder of the Mughal dynasty in India?
a) Babur
b) Humayun
c) Akbar
d) Sher Shah
 Answer: a) Babur

Q27. Who was the first Indian to become President of the Indian National Congress?
a) W.C. Banerjee
b) Dadabhai Naoroji
c) Pherozeshah Mehta
d) Surendranath Banerjee
 Answer: a) W.C. Banerjee

Q28. Who was known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’?
a) Maulana Azad
b) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
c) Sardar Patel
d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: b) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Q29. Who composed Gita Govinda?
a) Kalidasa
b) Jayadeva
c) Bana Bhatta
d) Tulsidas
 Answer: b) Jayadeva

Q30. Who was the first Indian Governor-General of Independent India?
a) Rajendra Prasad
b) C. Rajagopalachari
c) Jawaharlal Nehru
d) Sardar Patel
 Answer: b) C. Rajagopalachari

Q31. Who is considered as the ‘Father of Indian Renaissance’?
a) Swami Vivekananda
b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
c) Dayanand Saraswati
d) Rabindranath Tagore
 Answer: b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Q32. Who was known as the ‘Iron Man of India’?
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
c) Subhash Chandra Bose
d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
 Answer: b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Q33. The First Buddhist Council was held at —
a) Rajgir
b) Kashmir
c) Pataliputra
d) Vaishali
 Answer: a) Rajgir

Q34. Who introduced Permanent Settlement in Bengal?
a) Lord Cornwallis
b) Lord Wellesley
c) Lord Dalhousie
d) Lord Clive
 Answer: a) Lord Cornwallis

Q35. Who was the first Prime Minister of independent India?
a) Sardar Patel
b) Rajendra Prasad
c) Jawaharlal Nehru
d) Subhash Chandra Bose
 Answer: c) Jawaharlal Nehru

 SECTION – B (Short Answer Questions)

(10 × 3 = 30 Marks)

(Write answers in about 50–80 words each)

Q1. Write a short note on the Indus Valley Civilization.

 Answer: The Indus Valley Civilization (2500–1500 BCE) was one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations. It was spread over present-day India and Pakistan. Major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were well-planned with drainage systems, granaries, and brick houses. The people practiced agriculture, trade, and crafts. It is also known as the Harappan Civilization.

Q2. Explain the achievements of Ashoka.

Answer: Ashoka, the Mauryan emperor, is remembered for spreading Buddhism after the Kalinga war. He built stupas, pillars, and rock edicts across his empire. His Dhamma policy promoted non-violence, religious tolerance, and welfare of people. Ashoka’s reign marked the cultural and political unity of India.

Q3. Write a note on the cultural contributions of the Gupta period.

Answer: The Gupta period is called the Golden Age of India. It saw great progress in art, literature, science, and mathematics. Kalidasa wrote famous plays, Aryabhata worked on astronomy, and Nalanda University flourished. Temples and sculptures reflected high artistic skills.

Q4. Discuss the causes of the Battle of Plassey.

 Answer: The Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between the British East India Company and Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal. Causes included misuse of trade privileges by the British, fortification of Calcutta without Nawab’s permission, and betrayal by Mir Jafar. The victory established British rule in Bengal.

Q5. Write about the importance of the Revolt of 1857.

 Answer: The Revolt of 1857 was the first major attempt to end British rule. It was sparked by political, social, economic, and military grievances. Though unsuccessful, it marked the beginning of Indian nationalism and inspired later freedom movements. It is called the First War of Independence.

Q6. Explain the Ryotwari System.

 Answer: Introduced by Thomas Munro in Madras, the Ryotwari System collected land revenue directly from farmers (ryots). The farmers were recognized as landowners but had to pay high taxes, often leading to poverty and indebtedness.

Q7. Discuss the role of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in social reform.

 Answer: Raja Ram Mohan Roy, known as the ‘Father of Indian Renaissance’, fought against social evils like sati, child marriage, and caste discrimination. He founded the Brahmo Samaj and promoted women’s education, widow remarriage, and modernization.

Q8. Write a short note on Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

 Answer: On 13th April 1919, General Dyer ordered firing on a peaceful gathering in Amritsar’s Jallianwala Bagh. Hundreds were killed and thousands injured. This brutal act shocked the nation and intensified the freedom struggle.

Q9. What was the contribution of Subhash Chandra Bose in the freedom struggle?

 Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Indian National Army (INA) and gave the slogan “Give me blood, I will give you freedom.” He sought help from Axis powers during World War II to fight British rule. His leadership inspired many Indians to join the struggle.

Q10. Explain the importance of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

 Answer: Launched in 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi, it was a mass protest against the British after the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy. People boycotted schools, courts, and British goods. It marked the first nationwide movement for independence.

 SECTION – C (Long Answer Questions)

(5 × 5 = 25 Marks)

(Write answers in about 200–250 words each)

Q1. Discuss the main features of the Harappan Civilization.

 Answer:
The Harappan Civilization (2500–1500 BCE), also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the world’s earliest urban cultures.

• Town Planning: Cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were planned with streets, drains, and brick houses.

• Economy: Agriculture (wheat, barley, cotton) was the main occupation. Trade was both internal and external (with Mesopotamia).

• Crafts: Harappans made pottery, jewelry, and seals.

• Religion: Worship of Mother Goddess, Pashupati (proto-Shiva), and nature.

• Decline: Causes included floods, climate change, and Aryan invasion.
  This civilization set the foundation of Indian culture.

Q2. Explain the administrative system of the Mauryan Empire.

Answer:
The Mauryan administration was highly organized:

• Central Government: King was supreme, assisted by the council of ministers.

• Provinces: The empire was divided into provinces under governors.

• Army: Large standing army with infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots.

• Economy: Revenue collected from agriculture, trade, and mines.

• Law & Order: Strict system with spies and officials.

• Ashoka’s Dhamma: Promoted peace, welfare, and moral governance.
  The Mauryan administration ensured unity and stability across a vast empire.

Q3. Describe the Mughal administration under Akbar.

 Answer:
Akbar’s administration was centralized but inclusive.

• Mansabdari System: Nobles were given ranks (mansabs) and had to maintain soldiers.

• Revenue System: Implemented by Raja Todar Mal, land revenue was collected on crop yield (Zabti System).

• Religious Policy: Akbar followed Sulh-i-Kul (universal peace), abolished Jizya tax, and promoted interfaith dialogues.

• Military: Strong army with cavalry, artillery, and elephants.

• Culture: Patronized art, literature, and architecture (Fatehpur Sikri, Buland Darwaza).
  Akbar’s policies strengthened the Mughal Empire and promoted cultural harmony.

Q4. Evaluate the causes and consequences of the Revolt of 1857.

Answer:
Causes:

• Political: Annexation policies like Doctrine of Lapse.

• Economic: Heavy land taxes and destruction of Indian industries.

• Social: Reforms seen as interference in traditions.

• Military: Use of greased cartridges offended religious sentiments.

Consequences:

• Suppression of revolt with brutality.

• End of East India Company’s rule; administration taken over by British Crown.

• Rise of nationalism in India.

• Strengthening of racial discrimination.
  The revolt was a turning point in India’s struggle for freedom.

Q5. Discuss the role of Mahatma Gandhi in India’s freedom struggle.

 Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi transformed the Indian National Movement into a mass movement.

• Champaran (1917): Fought for indigo farmers.

• Kheda (1918): Supported peasants during famine.

• Non-Cooperation Movement (1920): Boycott of British institutions.

• Civil Disobedience (1930): Salt March (Dandi March) challenged British monopoly.

• Quit India Movement (1942): “Do or Die” call for complete independence.

Gandhi’s philosophy of ahimsa and satyagraha united millions and forced the British to leave India.

We are Completed Class 12 History Guess Paper 2025 Bihar Board.

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