The Class 12 Physics Question Paper 2024 plays a crucial role in helping students understand the exam pattern, marking scheme, and types of questions asked in the board exams. Physics is a conceptual subject that requires both analytical and numerical understanding. Going through previous year question papers can help students strengthen their preparation, identify important topics, and practice effectively for the final board exam.
Below, we have provided a collection of important Class 12 Physics questions from the 2024 paper along with detailed answers to help you in your revision.
Class 12 Physics Question Paper 2024 with Important Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is Ohm’s Law?
Answer:
Ohm’s Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided the temperature and physical conditions remain constant. Mathematically, V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
Question 2: Define electric potential.
Answer:
Electric potential at a point is the work done per unit charge in bringing a positive test charge from infinity to that point in an electric field without acceleration. It is measured in volts (V).
Question 3: What is the principle of a potentiometer?
Answer:
A potentiometer works on the principle that the potential drop across a uniform wire is directly proportional to its length, provided the current remains constant.
Question 4: Define capacitance and its SI unit.
Answer:
Capacitance is the ability of a body to store electric charge. It is defined as the ratio of charge stored to the potential difference between the conductors. The SI unit of capacitance is farad (F).
Question 5: State Gauss’s Law.
Answer:
Gauss’s Law states that the total electric flux through a closed surface is equal to times the total charge enclosed within the surface. Mathematically,
\Phi = \frac{q}{\varepsilon_0}
Question 6: What is magnetic flux?
Answer:
Magnetic flux is the measure of the magnetic field passing through a given area. It is given by , where B is magnetic field strength, A is area, and θ is the angle between field and normal to the area.
Question 7: Explain Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction.
Answer:
Faraday’s First Law states that a change in magnetic flux through a circuit induces an emf in it.
Faraday’s Second Law states that the magnitude of the induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
Question 8: What is self-induction?
Answer:
Self-induction is the phenomenon in which a changing current in a coil induces an emf in the same coil due to the change in its own magnetic flux.
Question 9: Define mutual induction.
Answer:
Mutual induction occurs when a changing current in one coil induces an emf in another nearby coil due to the change in magnetic flux linked with it.
Question 10: What is Lenz’s Law?
Answer:
Lenz’s Law states that the direction of the induced emf and current is such that it opposes the cause that produces it. It ensures the conservation of energy in electromagnetic induction.
Question 11: Explain the principle of a transformer.
Answer:
A transformer works on the principle of mutual induction, where an alternating current in the primary coil induces an emf in the secondary coil. It is used to step up or step down AC voltages.
Question 12: What are electromagnetic waves?
Answer:
Electromagnetic waves are waves that consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, perpendicular to each other and to the direction of wave propagation. They travel at the speed of light in vacuum.
Question 13: Define displacement current.
Answer:
Displacement current is the current that appears in a region where the electric field changes with time. It is given by
I_d = \varepsilon_0 \frac{d\Phi_E}{dt}
Question 14: What is refraction of light?
Answer:
Refraction is the bending of light rays when they pass from one medium to another due to a change in the speed of light. It follows Snell’s Law:
n_1 \sin i = n_2 \sin r
Question 15: Define the focal length of a lens.
Answer:
The focal length of a lens is the distance between the optical center of the lens and its focus point, where parallel rays of light converge (convex lens) or appear to diverge (concave lens).
Question 16: What is the photoelectric effect?
Answer:
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a metal surface when light of suitable frequency falls on it. It demonstrates the particle nature of light and forms the basis of Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
Question 17: Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
Answer:
Einstein’s equation is:
E = h\nu = W + \frac{1}{2}mv^2
Question 18: Define de Broglie wavelength.
Answer:
According to de Broglie, particles such as electrons exhibit wave-like properties. The wavelength associated with a moving particle is given by
\lambda = \frac{h}{mv}
Question 19: What are semiconductors?
Answer:
Semiconductors are materials whose conductivity lies between conductors and insulators. Their conductivity increases with temperature. Examples: Silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge).
Question 20: What is a p-n junction diode?
Answer:
A p-n junction diode is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductors are joined together. It allows current to flow in one direction only and is used for rectification in electronic circuits.
Conclusion
The Class 12 Physics Question Paper 2024 helps students gain confidence in tackling both theoretical and numerical questions. By practicing these important questions and understanding their solutions, students can improve accuracy and speed for their upcoming board exams. Revising key topics such as electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics will ensure a strong grasp of concepts and better results.